Category: FreeBSD

  • FreeBSD /usr/ports: No such file or directory.

    FreeBSD /usr/ports: No such file or directory.

    On a FreeBSD server, when I change the directory to “/usr/ports”, got following error

    root@freebsd:~ # cd /usr/ports
    /usr/ports: No such file or directory.
    root@freebsd:~ # 
    

    To fix this, run

    portsnap fetch extract
    

    Back to FreeBSD

  • Install Apache/PHP/MySQL on FreeBSD

    Install Apache/PHP/MySQL on FreeBSD

    To install Apache, run

    pkg install apache24
    

    Enable Apache with

    vi /etc/rc.conf
    

    Add

    apache24_enable="yes"
    

    Start Apache with

    service apache24 start
    

    Install php with

    pkg install php74 mod_php74
    

    Edit apache config and enable PHP

    vi /usr/local/etc/apache24/httpd.conf
    

    Add

    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
    
    
        SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
    
    
    
        SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source
    
    

    Restart Apache

    service apache24 restart
    

    At this point, PHP scripts will work using Apache.

    Install MySQL server

    pkg install mysql80-server
    

    To auto start MySQL

    echo mysql_enable="YES" >> /etc/rc.conf
    

    To start MySQL server

    service mysql-server start
    

    Install phpMyAdmin

    pkg install phpMyAdmin5-php74
    

    Edit apache config

    vi /usr/local/etc/apache24/httpd.conf
    

    Add

    Alias /phpmyadmin/ "/usr/local/www/phpMyAdmin/"
    
    
    Options None
    AllowOverride Limit
    Require all granted
    
    
  • Install MySQL 8 on FreeBSD

    Install MySQL 8 on FreeBSD

    To install MySQL 8 on FreeBSD 13, run

    pkg install mysql80-server-8.0.25_2
    

    Enable start on boot

    echo 'mysql_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf
    

    Start MySQL server

    service mysql-server start
    

    By default MySQL root user have no password set. You can login with the command

    mysql
    

    See FreeBSD

  • Install rsync in freebsd from source

    On the server, i want to install rsync have no ports as it was older version FreeBSD 5.4 and is not supported, so install rsync from source.

    http://www.samba.org/ftp/rsync/

    mkdir /usr/local/src
    cd /usr/local/src
    wget http://www.samba.org/ftp/rsync/rsync-3.0.5.tar.gz
    tar -zxvf rsync-3.0.5.tar.gz
    cd rsync-3.0.5
    ./configure
    make
    make install
    

    After install, you need to run rehash command

    newinst# rsync
    rsync: Command not found.
    newinst# rehash
    newinst# rsync
    rsync  version 3.0.5  protocol version 30
    Copyright (C) 1996-2008 by Andrew Tridgell, Wayne Davison, and others.
    Web site: http://rsync.samba.org/
    Capabilities:
        64-bit files, 32-bit inums, 32-bit timestamps, 64-bit long ints,
        socketpairs, hardlinks, symlinks, IPv6, batchfiles, inplace,
        append, ACLs, xattrs, no iconv, symtimes
    
    rsync comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.  This is free software, and you
    are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.  See the GNU
    General Public Licence for details.
    
    rsync is a file transfer program capable of efficient remote update
    via a fast differencing algorithm.
    
    Usage: rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... DEST
      or   rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST:DEST
      or   rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST::DEST
      or   rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST
      or   rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC [DEST]
      or   rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST::SRC [DEST]
      or   rsync [OPTION]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]
    The ':' usages connect via remote shell, while '::' & 'rsync://' usages connect
    to an rsync daemon, and require SRC or DEST to start with a module name.
    
    Options
     -v, --verbose               increase verbosity
     -q, --quiet                 suppress non-error messages
         --no-motd               suppress daemon-mode MOTD (see manpage caveat)
     -c, --checksum              skip based on checksum, not mod-time & size
     -a, --archive               archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X)
         --no-OPTION             turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. --no-D)
     -r, --recursive             recurse into directories
     -R, --relative              use relative path names
         --no-implied-dirs       don't send implied dirs with --relative
     -b, --backup                make backups (see --suffix & --backup-dir)
         --backup-dir=DIR        make backups into hierarchy based in DIR
         --suffix=SUFFIX         set backup suffix (default ~ w/o --backup-dir)
     -u, --update                skip files that are newer on the receiver
         --inplace               update destination files in-place (SEE MAN PAGE)
         --append                append data onto shorter files
         --append-verify         like --append, but with old data in file checksum
     -d, --dirs                  transfer directories without recursing
     -l, --links                 copy symlinks as symlinks
     -L, --copy-links            transform symlink into referent file/dir
         --copy-unsafe-links     only "unsafe" symlinks are transformed
         --safe-links            ignore symlinks that point outside the source tree
     -k, --copy-dirlinks         transform symlink to a dir into referent dir
     -K, --keep-dirlinks         treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir
     -H, --hard-links            preserve hard links
     -p, --perms                 preserve permissions
     -E, --executability         preserve the file's executability
         --chmod=CHMOD           affect file and/or directory permissions
     -A, --acls                  preserve ACLs (implies --perms)
     -X, --xattrs                preserve extended attributes
     -o, --owner                 preserve owner (super-user only)
     -g, --group                 preserve group
         --devices               preserve device files (super-user only)
         --specials              preserve special files
     -D                          same as --devices --specials
     -t, --times                 preserve modification times
     -O, --omit-dir-times        omit directories from --times
         --super                 receiver attempts super-user activities
         --fake-super            store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs
     -S, --sparse                handle sparse files efficiently
     -n, --dry-run               perform a trial run with no changes made
     -W, --whole-file            copy files whole (without delta-xfer algorithm)
     -x, --one-file-system       don't cross filesystem boundaries
     -B, --block-size=SIZE       force a fixed checksum block-size
     -e, --rsh=COMMAND           specify the remote shell to use
         --rsync-path=PROGRAM    specify the rsync to run on the remote machine
         --existing              skip creating new files on receiver
         --ignore-existing       skip updating files that already exist on receiver
         --remove-source-files   sender removes synchronized files (non-dirs)
         --del                   an alias for --delete-during
         --delete                delete extraneous files from destination dirs
         --delete-before         receiver deletes before transfer, not during
         --delete-during         receiver deletes during transfer (default)
         --delete-delay          find deletions during, delete after
         --delete-after          receiver deletes after transfer, not during
         --delete-excluded       also delete excluded files from destination dirs
         --ignore-errors         delete even if there are I/O errors
         --force                 force deletion of directories even if not empty
         --max-delete=NUM        don't delete more than NUM files
         --max-size=SIZE         don't transfer any file larger than SIZE
         --min-size=SIZE         don't transfer any file smaller than SIZE
         --partial               keep partially transferred files
         --partial-dir=DIR       put a partially transferred file into DIR
         --delay-updates         put all updated files into place at transfer's end
     -m, --prune-empty-dirs      prune empty directory chains from the file-list
         --numeric-ids           don't map uid/gid values by user/group name
         --timeout=SECONDS       set I/O timeout in seconds
         --contimeout=SECONDS    set daemon connection timeout in seconds
     -I, --ignore-times          don't skip files that match in size and mod-time
         --size-only             skip files that match in size
         --modify-window=NUM     compare mod-times with reduced accuracy
     -T, --temp-dir=DIR          create temporary files in directory DIR
     -y, --fuzzy                 find similar file for basis if no dest file
         --compare-dest=DIR      also compare destination files relative to DIR
         --copy-dest=DIR         ... and include copies of unchanged files
         --link-dest=DIR         hardlink to files in DIR when unchanged
     -z, --compress              compress file data during the transfer
         --compress-level=NUM    explicitly set compression level
         --skip-compress=LIST    skip compressing files with a suffix in LIST
     -C, --cvs-exclude           auto-ignore files the same way CVS does
     -f, --filter=RULE           add a file-filtering RULE
     -F                          same as --filter='dir-merge /.rsync-filter'
                                 repeated: --filter='- .rsync-filter'
         --exclude=PATTERN       exclude files matching PATTERN
         --exclude-from=FILE     read exclude patterns from FILE
         --include=PATTERN       don't exclude files matching PATTERN
         --include-from=FILE     read include patterns from FILE
         --files-from=FILE       read list of source-file names from FILE
     -0, --from0                 all *-from/filter files are delimited by 0s
     -s, --protect-args          no space-splitting; only wildcard special-chars
         --address=ADDRESS       bind address for outgoing socket to daemon
         --port=PORT             specify double-colon alternate port number
         --sockopts=OPTIONS      specify custom TCP options
         --blocking-io           use blocking I/O for the remote shell
         --stats                 give some file-transfer stats
     -8, --8-bit-output          leave high-bit chars unescaped in output
     -h, --human-readable        output numbers in a human-readable format
         --progress              show progress during transfer
     -P                          same as --partial --progress
     -i, --itemize-changes       output a change-summary for all updates
         --out-format=FORMAT     output updates using the specified FORMAT
         --log-file=FILE         log what we're doing to the specified FILE
         --log-file-format=FMT   log updates using the specified FMT
         --password-file=FILE    read daemon-access password from FILE
         --list-only             list the files instead of copying them
         --bwlimit=KBPS          limit I/O bandwidth; KBytes per second
         --write-batch=FILE      write a batched update to FILE
         --only-write-batch=FILE like --write-batch but w/o updating destination
         --read-batch=FILE       read a batched update from FILE
         --protocol=NUM          force an older protocol version to be used
     -4, --ipv4                  prefer IPv4
     -6, --ipv6                  prefer IPv6
         --version               print version number
    (-h) --help                  show this help (-h works with no other options)
    
    Use "rsync --daemon --help" to see the daemon-mode command-line options.
    Please see the rsync(1) and rsyncd.conf(5) man pages for full documentation.
    See http://rsync.samba.org/ for updates, bug reports, and answers
    rsync error: syntax or usage error (code 1) at main.c(1408) [client=3.0.5]
    newinst#
    

    See FreeBSD

  • FreeBSD ports Sucks

    During 2004, i used to use FreeBSD 4 and 5 servers. During this time Cpanel Control panel supported FreeBSD. After cpanel stopped supporting FreeBSD, all the servers slowly got converted to Linux.

    I was FreeBSD free for several years. Today i decided to try FreeBSD again.

    I tried to install node.js from ports to see how ports work.

    cd /usr/ports/www/node
    make
    

    It started with a dialogue box, where i select some of the options, that made me happy that i have freedom what to install. Then it started downloading software, compiling it. It is good to see where all the software coming.

    After some time, it popup another dialogue box, it wanted me select some options. I done it.

    It repeated 3 or 4 times. I lost my patience and pressed CTRL+C, that stopped the installation.

    It is impossible to watch the screen during such long installs and select options as it pops up. If you are only doing it for one software and only update once in a while, then it is fine, if that is the case, why ports even there. I can’t imaging how many popups i will get if i am installing Apache + PHP and all its module from ports.

    I remember long back i had web sites break after doing ports upgrade, php web sites just show source code, then i have to shutdown apache to prevent disclosure of database credentials stored in PHP files and reinstall PHP from ports to get it working.

    I ended up installing node.js from pkg, that worked perfectly fine.

    pkg install node
    
  • Installing Software with FreeBSD ports

    FreeBSD ports allows installing software from source.

    Update the tree. This will create /usr/ports if missing.

    portsnap fetch update
    portsnap extract
    

    Updating Index

    Before you can use ports, you need to fetch index. To do this, run

    cd /usr/ports
    make fetchindex
    

    Find Software

    To find software, use

    cd /usr/ports
    make search name=php
    

    Install a Software

    To install a software, for example node.js, run

    cd /usr/ports/www/node
    make
    make install
    
  • Installing Software in FreeBSD with pkg

    pkg command is used to install software in FreeBSD.

    To update package repo, run

    pkg update -f
    

    Example

    root@ok-vm:~ # pkg update -f
    Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
    pkg: Repository FreeBSD has a wrong packagesite, need to re-create database
    Fetching meta.txz: 100%    940 B   0.9kB/s    00:01    
    Fetching packagesite.txz: 100%    6 MiB 878.0kB/s    00:07    
    Processing entries: 100%
    FreeBSD repository update completed. 28776 packages processed.
    All repositories are up to date.
    root@ok-vm:~ # 
    

    To install postfix mail server, run

    pkg install postfix
    

    To auto start postfix, you need to run

    sysrc postfix_enable="YES"
    

    You can also add postfix_enable=”YES” to /etc/rc.conf manually.

    root@ok-vm:~ # cat /etc/rc.conf
    hostname="ok-vm"
    ifconfig_hn0="DHCP"
    ifconfig_hn0_ipv6="inet6 accept_rtadv"
    sshd_enable="YES"
    # Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable
    dumpdev="AUTO"
    waagent_enable="YES"
    root@ok-vm:~ # sysrc postfix_enable="YES"
    postfix_enable:  -> YES
    root@ok-vm:~ # cat /etc/rc.conf
    hostname="ok-vm"
    ifconfig_hn0="DHCP"
    ifconfig_hn0_ipv6="inet6 accept_rtadv"
    sshd_enable="YES"
    # Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable
    dumpdev="AUTO"
    waagent_enable="YES"
    postfix_enable="YES"
    root@ok-vm:~ # 
    

    Finding Software

    To find package that provides a software, you can run

    pkg search -o SOFTWARE_NAME
    

    Example

    root@ok-vm:~ # pkg search -o nginx
    www/nginx                      Robust and small WWW server
    www/nginx-devel                Robust and small WWW server
    www/nginx-full                 Robust and small WWW server (full package)
    www/nginx-lite                 Robust and small WWW server (lite package)
    www/nginx-naxsi                Robust and small WWW server (plus NAXSI)
    www/p5-Nginx-ReadBody          Nginx embeded perl module to read and evaluate a request body
    www/p5-Nginx-Simple            Perl 5 module for easy to use interface for Nginx Perl Module
    www/p5-Test-Nginx              Testing modules for Nginx C module development
    root@ok-vm:~ # 
    

    Delete a software

    pkg delete PACKAGE_NAME
    

    Upgrade all installed software

    pkg upgrade