Category: Linux

Caddy

Caddy is used to serving videos on https://odysee.com, it is a block-chain based video service with no censoring.

Install Caddy Web Server
Install Caddy Webserver on CentOS 7
How to Use Caddy as a Reverse Proxy

Web Server

October 17, 2019

Install Caddy Web Server

Caddy is a light weight web server written in golang. Caddy auto generate SSL for your web site using LetsEncrypt and support HTTP/2.

To instal Caddy, download latest Caddy release from github

https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases/

At the time of this post, 1.3 is latest stable release, to install it, run

cd /usr/local/src
wget https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases/download/v2.4.6/caddy_2.4.6_linux_amd64.tar.gz
tar xvf caddy_2.4.6_linux_amd64.tar.gz
cp /usr/local/src/caddy /usr/local/bin
chown root:root /usr/local/bin/caddy
chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/caddy

Make caddy listen to privilage ports 80 and 443

setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' /usr/local/bin/caddy

If you don’t have a system user for caddy to run as, create one

groupadd -g 33 www-data
useradd -g www-data --no-user-group  --home-dir /var/www --no-create-home --shell /usr/sbin/nologin --system --uid 33 www-data

Create config folder for caddy

mkdir /etc/caddy
chown -R root:root /etc/caddy
mkdir /etc/ssl/caddy
chown -R root:www-data /etc/ssl/caddy
chmod 0770 /etc/ssl/caddy

Create Caddy config file

vi /etc/caddy/Caddyfile

Add

lab.serverok.in {
    root /var/www/html
}

Replace lab.serverok.in with whatever domain you need to host.

Create service file for caddy

vi /etc/systemd/system/caddy.service

Add following

[Unit]
Description=Caddy
Documentation=https://caddyserver.com/docs/
After=network.target network-online.target
Requires=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
User=caddy
Group=caddy
ExecStart=/usr/bin/caddy run --environ --config /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
ExecReload=/usr/bin/caddy reload --config /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
TimeoutStopSec=5s
LimitNOFILE=1048576
LimitNPROC=512
PrivateTmp=true
ProtectSystem=full
AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Set permission

chown root:root /etc/systemd/system/caddy.service
chmod 644 /etc/systemd/system/caddy.service
systemctl daemon-reload

Start caddy with

systemctl start caddy

Enable caddy start on boot

systemctl enable caddy

October 17, 2019

curl set user agent
When using curl linux command line tool, to set user agent, run
```
curl --user-agent "USER_AGENT_HERE" URL_HERE
```
You can also use
```
curl -A "USER_AGENT_HERE" URL_HERE
```
By changing user agent, you can view a site as google bot, check Fetch as Google with curl

Back to curl
October 16, 2019
http2

Enable HTTP/2 in Cpanel Server

October 15, 2019
phpMyAdmin allow connecting to multiple servers
phpMyAdmin configuration file is config.inc.php located in phpMyAdmin install folder.

To enable connecting to arbitary Server, add
```
$cfg['AllowArbitraryServer'] = true;
```
This will allow you to enter server IP or hostname to connect to.

To add connecting to differnt predefined servers, you can add following to end of config.inc.php
```
$i++;
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = 'database-1.abxfzy3gt.us-east-2.rds.amazonaws.com';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['port'] = '3306';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] = 'root';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] = 'yoursecretpassword';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['extension'] = 'mysqli';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'config';
```
Repeat this for any number of MySQL servers you need to connect.

Related Posts

MySQL root can’t login to phpMyAdmin
phpmyadmin
October 13, 2019
iostat
iostat – Report Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices and partitions.

The iostat command is used for monitoring system input/output device loading by observing the time the devices are active in relation to their average transfer rates. The iostat command generates reports that can be used to change system configuration to better balance the input/output load between physical disks.

The first report generated by the iostat command provides statistics concerning the time since the system was booted. Each subsequent report covers the time since the previous report. All statistics are reported each time the iostat command is run. The report consists of a CPU header row followed by a row of CPU statistics. On multiprocessor systems, CPU statistics are calculated system-wide as averages among all processors. A device header row is displayed followed by a line of statistics for each device that is configured.

The interval parameter specifies the amount of time in seconds between each report. The first report contains statistics for the time since system startup (boot). Each subsequent report contains statistics collected during the interval since the previous report. The count parameter can be specified in conjunction with the interval parameter. If the count parameter is specified, the value of count determines the number of reports generated at interval seconds apart. If the interval parameter is specified without the count parameter, the iostat command generates reports continuously.

iostat is part of sysstat package. To install on Debian/Ubuntu, run
```
apt install sysstat
```
To enable sysstat to collect data, edit file
```
vi /etc/default/sysstat
```
Find
```
ENABLED="false"
```
Replace with
```
ENABLED="true"
```
To see current IO Usage, run
```
iostat
```
To show information in one line, run
```
iostat -xkd 2 5
```
The number 2 is to print stats every 2 seconds. 5 is to print the stats 5 times.

Other iostat options
```
iostat -x
iostat -x 2 5
```
Related Posts

Server Load
October 13, 2019
Install PHP 7.4 on CentOS 7
To install PHP 7.4 on CentOS 7, first install remi repository.
```
yum install epel-release -y
rpm -ivh https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
```
Set PHP 7.4 as default PHP
```
yum install yum-utils
yum-config-manager --enable remi-php74
```
Install PHP with
```
yum install -y php php-bcmath php-cli php-common php-devel php-gd \
    php-imap php-intl php-json php-ldap php-lz4 php-mbstring php-mysqlnd \
    php-soap php-intl php-opcache php-xml php-pdo
```
After installing check PHP version with php -v, you will see

At the time of installation, it is PHP version 7.4.0RC3, it will change as new 7.4 release become available.

Related Posts

Install PHP 7.2 on Ubuntu
Install PHP 7.3 in CentOS 8
PHP
October 13, 2019
Redirect HTTP to HTTPS when using Reverse Proxy
When you are using Reverse Proxy like Nginx, Haproxy or Amazon ELB in front of web server and web server use HTTP to serve all traffic, you can use normal redirect code based HTTPS variable to do the redirect to HTTPS. You need to use X-Forwarded-Proto to do the redirect.

For Apache, add following code to .htaccess to Apache Virtual Host entry.
```
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-Proto} =http
RewriteRule .* https://%{HTTP:Host}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=permanent]
```
For Nginx, add following to server entry for the domain name
```
if ($http_x_forwarded_proto = 'http'){
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
```
For IIS edit web.config, add following to section.
```
    
        
            
            
                
            
            
        
    
```
October 11, 2019
Allow phpMyAdmin remote access on xampp
xampp server only allow access to phpMyAdmin from localhost. This is because root password is set to blank by default. If you need to access phpMyAdmin over internet, it will be good to add a password protection for phpmyadmin.

Create a password file
```
/opt/lampp/bin/htpasswd -c /opt/lampp/htpasswd-phpmyadmin admin
```
Here “admin” is the user. You will be asked to enter a new password.
```
vi /opt/lampp/etc/extra/httpd-xampp.conf
```
Find
```
# since XAMPP 1.4.3

    AllowOverride AuthConfig Limit
    Require local
    ErrorDocument 403 /error/XAMPP_FORBIDDEN.html.var
```
Replace with
```
    AuthType Basic
    AuthName "Restricted Content"
    AuthUserFile /opt/lampp/htpasswd-phpmyadmin
    Require valid-user
```
Restart Apache
```
/opt/lampp/lampp reloadapache
```
Related Posts

Auto start XAMPP on Boot
October 8, 2019

Install PHP 7.3 in CentOS 8

CentOS 8 comes with PHP 7.2. To install PHP 7.3, you need to enable remi repo. You can download remi-release rpm file from

http://rpms.remirepo.net

Download and install remi-release rpm

cd ; wget http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-8.rpm
dnf install remi-release-8.rpm

if you have older php version and don’t want to keep it, uninstall it with

dnf remove php-gd php-xml php-mbstring php-common php php-odbc php-mysqlnd php-json php-process php-cli php-fpm php-intl php-bcmath php-soap php-pdo

Install PHP 7.3

dnf install php73

Set it as default PHP version

update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php73 1

Install PHP modules

dnf install -y php73-php php73-php-gd php73-php-fpm php73-php-pdo php73-php-xml php73-php-json php73-php-imap php73-php-intl php73-php-json php73-php-soap php73-php-bcmath php73-php-xmlrpc php73-php-mysqlnd php73-php-mbstring php73-php-zip

Install php-fpm package

dnf install php73-php-fpm

set php-fpm to start on boot

systemctl enable php73-php-fpm

Start php-fpm

systemctl start php73-php-fpm

Restart Apache

systemctl restart httpd

PHP 7.3 php.ini located at

/etc/opt/remi/php73/php.ini

Module directory for PHP 7.3 at

/opt/remi/php73/root/usr/lib64/php/modules/

Related Posts

CentOS 8

PHP

October 6, 2019

Auto start XAMPP on Boot

Allow phpMyAdmin remote access on xampp
Restart Services in Xampp Linux

To auto start XAMPP on boot on Ubuntu, create file

vi /etc/systemd/system/xampp.service

Add following content

[Unit]
Description=XAMPP auto start by ServerOk.in

[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/lampp/lampp start
ExecStop=/opt/lampp/lampp stop
Type=forking

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Enable xampp with

systemctl enable xampp

start xampp

systemctl start xampp

October 5, 2019

Install Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP) Stack on CentOS 8

First disable SELinux by editing file

vi /etc/selinux/config

Find

SELINUX=enforcing

Replace with

SELINUX=disabled

Now restart the server.

reboot

Verify SELinux is disabled by running “sestatus” command. It should show disabled.

CentOS 8 sestatus

Install basic tools

Lets start by installing some basic tools like whois, curl, git etc..

dnf -y install wget curl telnet bind-utils net-tools git

Configure Firewall

On CentOS 8 by default only port 22 (SSH) is open to public. To run a web server, you need to open ports 80 and 443.

Run following command to open ports in firewall

firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=https
firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=ssh
firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-port=25/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload

Install Apache

To install Apache, run

dnf -y install httpd

Enable Apache to start on boot by running

systemctl start httpd

Verify Apache is running with command

netstat -lntp | grep 80

If Apache is running, you will see something like

CentOS 8 apache netstat

If all works good, you should be able to access your web server by opening your server IP in a web browser.

CentOS 8 Apache Default page

Install PHP

CentOS 8 comes with PHP 7.2

To install PHP, run

dnf -y install php php-cli php-xml php-json php-intl php-odbc php-pdo php-soap php-mysqlnd php-process php-bcmath php-gd php-mbstring

Install php-fpm

dnf -y install php-fpm

Enable php-fpm start on boot

systemctl enable php-fpm

Start php-fpm with

systemctl start php-fpm

php-fpm pool config files are located in folder /etc/php-fpm.d. php-fpm listens on socket at /run/php-fpm/www.sock

php-fpm package comes with Apache config file, it get placed on /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf. Restart apache to get php-fpm activated.

systemctl restart httpd

Now create a file

vi /var/www/html/1.php

with content

You should be able to access phpinfo page on URL

http://YOUR-SERVER-IP/1.php

php.ini file located in /etc/php.ini, you need to restart php-fpm service if you edit this file.

Install MySQL

We will install MariaDB, it is an open source drop in replacement for MySQL, created by creator of MySQL. To install MariaDB, run

dnf install mariadb-server

Enable MariaDB to start on boot

systemctl enable mariadb

Start MariaDB

systemctl start mariadb

CentOS 8 come with MariaDB 10.3. By default there is no root PW set, So you can connect to MySQL with command "mysql".

CentOS 8 MariaDB

To create a database, use

create database DB_NAME_HERE;

To create a user, run

grant all on DB_NAME_HERE.* to 'USER_NAME'@'localhost' identified by 'PASSWORD_HERE';

Now you have Apache, PHP, MySQL ready to use. Upload your web application to /var/www/html folder using SFTP.

See CentOS 8

October 5, 2019