To install ImageMagick on CentOS, run
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yum install ImageMagick |
To install on Ubuntu/Debian, run
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apt install -y imagemagick |
Linux KVM Bridge network on Ubuntu
On Ubuntu 18.04 server, first i get Ubuntu to use /etc/network/interface, by default Ubuntu 18.04 and newer use netplan.
First install ifdown
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apt install ifupdown -y |
Now you can configure your network interface by editing file
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vi /etc/network/interface |
Here is my network configuration on an OVH server.
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root@ns3048991:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces # interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8) # Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d: source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d auto eno3 iface eno3 inet static address 149.202.199.137 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 149.202.199.137 gateway 149.202.199.254 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 root@ns3048991:~# |
To convert this interface to bridge network, do the following
1) Replace all occurance of “eno3” with “br0”
2) Add following lines
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bridge_ports eno3 bridge_stp off bridge_maxwait 5 |
In above, replace “eno3” with name of your physical interface.
Here is my final network configuration.
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root@ns3048991:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces # interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8) # Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d: source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 149.202.199.137 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 149.202.199.137 gateway 149.202.199.254 bridge_ports eno3 bridge_stp off bridge_maxwait 5 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 root@ns3048991:~# |
Install Xfce VNC remote desktop on Ubuntu
XFCE is a light weight desktop for Linux. XFCE + vnc allow you to setup remote desktop on a VPS or dedicated server located on a data center or cloud. You can connect to remote desktop using VNC client and work like it is local computer.
To instal XFCE run
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apt install -y xfce4 xfce4-goodies |
Next install vncserver
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apt install -y vnc4server |
It is bad idea to use root user for logging into desktop. Create a normal user to run desktop.
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useradd -m -s /bin/bash USERNAME_HERE |
It will be good to make this user an admin, so user can install software or update system.
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usermod -aG sudo USERNAME_HERE |
Now login as the user
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su - USERNAME_HERE |
Create a vnc password for this user.
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vncpasswd |
Create vnc startup file
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vi ~/.vnc/xstartup |
Add
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#!/bin/bash xrdb $HOME/.Xresources /usr/bin/vncconfig -nowin -display :1 & startxfce4 & |
Make it executable
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chmod 755 ~/.vnc/xstartup |
Now exit the user with “exit” command. You should be user “root” now.
Create service file
To auto start vncserver on boot, you need to create a service file.
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vi /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service |
Add
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[Unit] Description=VNC server startup script After=syslog.target network.target [Service] Type=forking User=USERNAME_HERE ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i &> /dev/null ExecStart=/usr/bin/vncserver -depth 24 -geometry 1920x1080 :%i PIDFile=/home/USERNAME_HERE/.vnc/%H:%i.pid ExecStop=/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target |
Enable the service with
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systemctl enable vncserver@1 |
You can start/stop vncserver with
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systemctl stop vncserver@1 systemctl start vncserver@1 |
Now reboot the server. You should be able to connect to VNC server using SERVER_IP:1
Install HandBrake on Ubuntu 18.04
HandBreak is an OpenSource Video transcoder available from https://handbrake.fr. It can convert video to various format.
Latest version of Handbreak available in Ubuntu PPA. To install, enable Handbreak PPA
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add-apt-repository ppa:stebbins/handbrake-releases |
Install handbreak with
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apt install handbrake-gtk handbrake-cli |
Install Linux KVM on Ubuntu
Linux KVM is virtualisation software that allow you to create virtual machine under linux. To install on Ubuntu, run
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apt install -y qemu-kvm |
Install libvirtd, this allow you to easily create KVM virtual machines and allow remote connection from virt-manager GUI application.
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apt install -y libvirt-bin |
Enable and start libvirt
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systemctl enable libvirtd systemctl start libvirtd |
At this stage, you should be able to connect to KVM server form your computer using virt-manager.
You need to create a bridge network interface (“br0”), for this, follow instructions at Linux KVM Bridge network on Ubuntu.
Downloading ISO
Before you can setup any VM, you need to download ISO image for the OS. Here i downloaded ISO image for Ubuntu 19.04
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cd /var/lib/libvirt/images wget http://mirrors.piconets.webwerks.in/ubuntu-mirror/ubuntu-releases/19.04/ubuntu-19.04-live-server-amd64.iso |
Once downloaded, you should be able to select this ISO image in virt-manager when creating a VM.
See Linux KVM
Disable IP Block Alerts in CSF Firewall
To disable IP block alert in CSF firewall, run
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sed -i "s/LF_PERMBLOCK_ALERT\s*=.*$/LF_PERMBLOCK_ALERT = \"0\"/g" /etc/csf/csf.conf |
Restart lfd and csf
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systemctl restart lfd csf -r |
See csf firewall
Ignore a folder in maldet
maldet is malware scanner for linux. On a shared hosting server, maldet detected one cusomer files as malware, on checking i found it is false positive. It is just a log file written by the application. To avoid getting further email from this application, i added this folder to maldet ignore_paths.
To add a folder to ignore list, edit file
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vi /usr/local/maldetect/ignore_paths |
Add the folder you need to ignore to end of this file as a new line.
Example
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root@server74 [~]# cat /usr/local/maldetect/ignore_paths /home/welgreenkerala/public_html/login/ /usr/local/maldetect /usr/local/sbin/maldet /home/shopatke/public_html/application/logs/ root@server74 [~]# |
See maldet
Download RPM package from yum repository
To download RPM file from yum repo, you need to install yum-utils package.
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yum install -y yum-utils |
Now you can use command
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yumdownloader --resolve --destdir=/path/ PACKAGE_NAME |
Example
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yumdownloader --resolve --destdir=/root/yum/ nginx |
This will download and store all rpm files in /var/yum folder. –resolve will resolve dependency and download them. This will be helpful if you need to install a package on a system with no direct internet connection.
See yum
Enable Passive FTP in ISPConfig
To enable Passive FTP in Debian/Ubuntu installation of ISPConfig, run
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echo "40110 40210" > /etc/pure-ftpd/conf/PassivePortRange |
Restart pure-ftpd
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service pure-ftpd-mysql restart |
Now open ports 40110-40210 in firewall.
On CSF Firewall, edit
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vi /etc/csf/csf.conf |
Add
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40110:40210 |
At ened of TCP_IN line.
Example
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TCP_IN = "20,21,22,25,53,80,110,143,443,465,587,993,995,3333,8080,8090,19999,40110:40210" |
See ispconfig
Install virt-manager on Ubuntu
virt-manager is a GUI tool used to manage KVM virtial machines. To install virt-manager on Ubuntu, run
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apt install virt-manager |