Category: Linux

  • CentovaCast change MySQL password

    CentovaCast is a control panel to manage online streaming services. It support shoucast, liqudsoap and icecast streaming servers.

    To change MySQL Password in CentovaCast, update following files.

    /usr/local/centovacast/etc/centovacast.conf
    

    You will see something like

    # Enter your database connection information.
    DB_NAME=centovacastdb
    DB_USER=centovacast
    DB_PASS=MySQLPasswordHere
    DB_HOST=localhost
    

    Following files is auto generated, this file also contain MySQL login details

    /usr/local/centovacast/system/autoconfig.php
    

    See CentovaCast

  • Can’t locate version.pm in @INC

    I got error “Can’t locate version.pm in @INC” running awk.

    [root@vmi431969 /]# ack mp3pdjSu5B0
    Can't locate version.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at /usr/local/bin/ack line 18.
    BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/local/bin/ack line 18.
    [root@vmi431969 /]# 
    

    On CentOS, this error is fixed by running

    yum install perl-version.x86_64 -y
    

    See Errors

  • Wildcard DNS zone in bind

    Wildcard DNS zone will act as authoritative DNS for any domain name. This is useful when you have a service like domain name parking service, where customers will change name servers of their domain name to your private label name servers. You need all thse domains get resolved to a specific IP address with out manually configuring DNS zone for each of the domain name.

    Install Bind DNS server.

    On Ubuntu/Debian

    apt-get install bind9
    

    On CentOS/RHEL

    yum install bind9
    

    Create a Catch-All zone file.

    vi  /etc/bind/catch-all.zone
    

    Add following content to the file

    @ IN SOA ns1.yourdomain.com. hostmaster.yourdomain.com. ( 1 3h 1h 1w 1d )
      IN NS YOUR_IP_ADDR_HERE
    * IN A YOUR_IP_ADDR_HERE
    

    In above, replace

    YOUR_IP_ADDR_HERE = IP you need all domains resolve to.
    yourdomain.com = replace with your private label name server domain.

    To make this zone active, you need to add it to named.conf, edit

    On CentOS

    vi  /etc/bind/named.conf.local
    

    On Debian

    vi  /etc/bind/named.conf
    

    At the end of the file, add

    zone "." IN {
            type master;
            file "/etc/bind/catch-all.zone";
    };
    

    Verify there is no error.

    named-checkconf
    

    Restart bind

    systemctl restart bind9
    

    Now verify Catch all DNS zone works with

    nslookup serverok.in YOUR_DNS_SERVER_IP_HERE
    

    It should resolve to the IP address specified in DNS zone file catch-all.zone. In above example, i used serverok.in for testing, you can use any domain, that should resolve to the IP address.

    If you need to set MX rcord for the domains, you can add following to end of catch-all.zone file

      IN    MX      0       mx1.mail-server.com.
      IN    MX      5       mx2.mail-server.com.
    

    See bind

  • Disable sshd start on boot in ubuntu

    On my local computer, i have installed openssh-server, but i don’t want it always enabled.

    To disable openssh-server from auto start on boot, run

    systemctl disable ssh
    

    Example

    root@lab:~# systemctl disable ssh
    Synchronizing state of ssh.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
    Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install disable ssh
    Removed /etc/systemd/system/sshd.service.
    Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ssh.service.
    root@lab:~# 
    

    If you want to start ssh server on boot, run systelctl enable ssh

    root@lab:~# systemctl enable ssh
    Synchronizing state of ssh.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
    Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable ssh
    Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sshd.service → /lib/systemd/system/ssh.service.
    Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ssh.service → /lib/systemd/system/ssh.service.
    root@lab:~# 
    

    See Ubuntu

  • Upgrade centovacast

    To upgrade centovacast installation, run

    /usr/local/centovacast/sbin/update
    

    centovacast

    If you don’t want to upgrade shotcast/icecast/luquidsoap, you can run

    for f in /usr/local/centovacast/etc/update.d/80*; do mv ${f} ${f}.disabled; done
    

    This will disable updating these services. Sometimes newer version need a differnt config file, so maybe disabling updating these helps.

    [root@centos7 ~]# cd  /usr/local/centovacast/etc/update.d/
    [root@centos7 update.d]# ls -la
    total 56
    drwxr-x---. 2 root centovacast 4096 Dec  3 08:50 .
    drwxr-x--x. 8 root centovacast 4096 Aug 17 01:03 ..
    -rw-r-----. 1 root centovacast  117 Nov 18  2019 01_cc-common.update
    -rw-r-----. 1 root centovacast  134 Nov 16  2019 30_cc-app.update
    -rw-r-----. 1 root centovacast  105 Jun  2  2017 35_cc-imaged.update
    -rw-r-----. 1 root centovacast  109 Sep 13  2019 35_cc-web.update
    -rw-r-----. 1 root centovacast  114 Apr 28  2015 40_cc-comet.update
    -rw-r-----. 1 root centovacast  129 Feb  7  2017 50_cc-control.update
    -rw-r-----. 1 root centovacast  110 Jun  2  2017 75_cc-ftpd.update
    -rw-r-----. 1 root centovacast  100 Oct  2  2015 80_cc-icecast.update.disabled.disabled
    -rw-r-----. 1 root centovacast  109 Dec 26  2016 80_cc-liquidsoap.update.disabled.disabled
    -rw-r-----. 1 root centovacast  108 Apr 14  2014 80_cc-sctrans2.update.disabled.disabled
    -rw-r-----. 1 root centovacast  109 Apr 14  2014 80_cc-shoutcast1.update.disabled.disabled
    -rw-r-----. 1 root centovacast  109 Apr 28  2015 80_cc-shoutcast2.update.disabled.disabled
    [root@centos7 update.d]#
    

    Updating centovacast

    [root@centos7 ~]# /usr/local/centovacast/sbin/update
    
    Checking Centova Cast Common Files ...
    Downloading Centova Cast Common Files ...                                     
    
    Verifying archive integrity ...                                               
    Unpacking archive ...
    
    Installing Centova Cast Common Files ...
    
    Failed to execute operation: Connection timed out
    Failed to start centovacast.service: Connection timed out
    See system logs and 'systemctl status centovacast.service' for details.
    Installation successful
    
    Checking Centova Cast Application Server ...
    Downloading Centova Cast Application Server ...                               
    
    Verifying archive integrity ...                                               
    Unpacking archive ...
    
    Installing Centova Cast Application Server ...
    
    Stopping any existing Centova Cast web service ...
    Attempting to stop web: cc-web 
    Stopping any existing Centova Cast application server service ...
    Attempting to stop app: cc-appserver 
    Upgrading database ...
    OK
    Installation successful
    Starting Centova Cast application server service...
    Attempting to start app: cc-appserver 
    Re-starting Centova Cast web service ...
    Attempting to start web: cc-web 
    
    Checking Centova Cast Image Daemon ...
    Not updated, skipping                                                         
    
    
    Checking Centova Cast Web Server ...
    Downloading Centova Cast Web Server ...                                       
    
    Verifying archive integrity ...                                               
    Unpacking archive ...
    
    Installing Centova Cast Web Server ...
    
    Stopping any existing Centova Cast web service ...
    Attempting to stop web: cc-web 
    Installation successful
    Starting Centova Cast web service...
    Attempting to start web: cc-web 
    
    Checking Centova Cast Comet Daemon ...
    Not updated, skipping                                                         
    
    
    Checking Centova Cast Control Daemon ...
    Not updated, skipping                                                         
    
    
    Checking Centova Cast FTP Server ...
    Not updated, skipping                                                         
    
    [root@centos7 ~]# 
    

    See Centovacast

  • journalctl

    To see systemd logs, run

    journalctl -f
    

    To see a service specific logs (example postfix)

    journalctl -f -u postfix
    

    To see logs for a specific service, run

    journalctl --unit apache2
    

    Logs with out pagination

    journalctl --no-pager -u nginx
    
    journalctl -u lxc-net.service -n 30
    

    See systemd

  • Install elasticsearch on CentOS 7

    To install elasticsearch, first install java

    yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk
    

    Import key

    rpm --import https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
    

    Create file

    vi /etc/yum.repos.d/elasticsearch.repo
    

    Paste following

    [elasticsearch]
    name=Elasticsearch repository for 7.x packages
    baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/yum
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
    enabled=0
    autorefresh=1
    type=rpm-md
    

    Install elasticsearch

    yum install --enablerepo=elasticsearch elasticsearch
    

    Set elastic search to start on boot

    systemctl enable elasticsearch
    

    To start/stop/status

    systemctl stop elasticsearch.service
    systemctl start elasticsearch.service
    systemctl status elasticsearch.service
    

    To see logs

    tail -f /var/log/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.log
    

    ElasticSearch runs on port 9200

    [root@server ~]# netstat -lntp | grep java
    tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:9200          :::*                    LISTEN      1289/java           
    tcp6       0      0 ::1:9200                :::*                    LISTEN      1289/java           
    tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:9300          :::*                    LISTEN      1289/java           
    tcp6       0      0 ::1:9300                :::*                    LISTEN      1289/java           
    [root@server ~]# 
    

    If you get error starting elasticsearch, check Elasticsearch failed to start on CentOS 7

    If you have a previous installation, make sure you delete left over files before you install differnt version of elasticsearch. I removed following files/folders when i had to downgrade elasticsearch.

    /etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch.rpmsave
    /var/lib/elasticsearch
    /var/log/elasticsearch
    

    See elasticsearch

  • Change PHP version in Virtualmin Server

    Change PHP version in Virtualmin Server

    To change PHP version for a web site hosted in Virtualmin, click on the Virtualmin tab. Select the domain from drop down that you need to change PHP version for.

    Virtualmin > YourDomain > Server Configuration > PHP Versions
    

    On this page, select PHP version from drop down.

    virtualmin server configuration

    See Virtualmin

  • Protecting files with noclobber

    To protect files on Linux by accidently overwritten by > operator, you can use

    set -o noclobber
    

    Now if you try to overwrite a file with >, you will get error

    root@ok:~# echo "Hello" > 1.txt
    -bash: 1.txt: cannot overwrite existing file
    root@ok:~# 
    

    If you really need to overwrite, use >! operator.

    echo "Hello" >! FILE_NAME
    

    Example

    root@ok:~# echo "Hello" > 1.txt
    -bash: 1.txt: cannot overwrite existing file
    root@ok:~# echo "Hello" >! 1.txt
    root@ok:~# 
    

    Instead of running the command “set -o noclobber” everytime, you can add it to .bashrc file.

  • Extract Audio from Video using ffmpeg

    To extract Audio from Video using ffmpeg, run

    ffmpeg -i VIDEO_FILE.mp4 audio.mp3
    
  • Email Alert When User Login Using SSH

    On web servers, you may need to get email alert when someone logs in to your server using SSH. To do this edit file

    vi ~/.bashrc

    Add

    echo "ALERT - Bash shell access by user \"`whoami`\" to server $HOSTNAME  on  `date` "  | mail -s  "Alert:  Shell access detected from user \"`whoami`\" from IP_Address: `who | cut -d"(" -f2 | cut -d")" -f1`" [email protected]

    In above, replace [email protected] with your actual email address. You need a mail server installed on your server for this to work.

    If you want to log to a file, add

    echo 'ALERT - Root Shell Access (' `hostname` ') on:' `date` `who` >> /var/log/user-logins

    See SSH

  • yum [Errno 5] [Errno 2] No such file or directory

    When running yum update on CentOS 7 server, i get following error

    [root@server2 yum.repos.d]# yum update curl
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-54.el7 will be updated
    ---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-57.el7_8.1 will be an update
    --> Processing Dependency: libcurl = 7.29.0-57.el7_8.1 for package: curl-7.29.0-57.el7_8.1.x86_64
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-54.el7 will be updated
    --> Processing Dependency: libcurl = 7.29.0-54.el7 for package: libcurl-devel-7.29.0-54.el7.x86_64
    ---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-57.el7_8.1 will be an update
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package libcurl-devel.x86_64 0:7.29.0-54.el7 will be updated
    ---> Package libcurl-devel.x86_64 0:7.29.0-57.el7_8.1 will be an update
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    ============================================================================================================================================================================================================
     Package                                            Arch                                        Version                                                  Repository                                    Size
    ============================================================================================================================================================================================================
    Updating:
     curl                                               x86_64                                      7.29.0-57.el7_8.1                                        updates                                      271 k
    Updating for dependencies:
     libcurl                                            x86_64                                      7.29.0-57.el7_8.1                                        updates                                      223 k
     libcurl-devel                                      x86_64                                      7.29.0-57.el7_8.1                                        updates                                      303 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ============================================================================================================================================================================================================
    Upgrade  1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)
    
    Total download size: 796 k
    Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
    Downloading packages:
    No Presto metadata available for updates
    
    
    Error downloading packages:
      libcurl-7.29.0-57.el7_8.1.x86_64: [Errno 5] [Errno 2] No such file or directory
      libcurl-devel-7.29.0-57.el7_8.1.x86_64: [Errno 5] [Errno 2] No such file or directory
      curl-7.29.0-57.el7_8.1.x86_64: [Errno 5] [Errno 2] No such file or directory
    
    [root@server2 yum.repos.d]#
    

    Someone had tried to install differnt version of python on this server. That caused this problem.

    When i run urlgrabber-ext-down, i get error saying python missing.

    [root@server2 ~]# /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
    -bash: /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down: /usr/bin/python: bad interpreter: No such file or directory
    [root@server2 ~]#
    

    Problem fixed by creating symlink

    ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
    

    See yum