Tag: nginx

Nginx Commands
Start Nginx
```
nginx
```
Stop Nginx
```
nginx -s stop
```
Reload Nginx
```
nginx -s reload
```
Test Nginx configuration
```
nginx -t
```
See Nginx
September 25, 2020

Install Nginx from source

Install Requirements

CentOS/RHEL/Fedora

yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
yum install glib2-devel openssl-devel pcre-devel bzip2-devel gzip-devel -y

Ubuntu/Debian

apt install build-essential -y
apt-get install libpcre3-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev -y

Create nginx user

useradd -c "Nginx user" -s /bin/false -r -d /var/lib/nginx nginx

Downoad and insta Nginx

You can download latest version of Nginx source code from

https://nginx.org/en/download.html

To install version 1.19.2, run

cd /usr/local/src
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
tar -xzvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.24.0
./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/share --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/log/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/log/lock/subsys/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_v2_module
make
make install

Test Nginx

To start nginx run

/usr/sbin/nginx

Configuration file is at

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

Enable rtmp stream

cd /usr/local/src
curl -O http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
tar -xzvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.24.0
cd /usr/local/src
git clone https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module.git
cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.24.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_stub_status_module --add-module=/usr/local/src/nginx-rtmp-module
make
make install

to configure nginx-rtmp module, see

https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module

See Nginx

September 25, 2020

Install Nginx Proxy Manager

Nginx Proxy Manager is Docker based GUI for managing Nginx reverse proxy. It support LetsEncrypt free SSL.

https://nginxproxymanager.com
Nginx Proxy Manager Certificate Key is not valid
Install Custom SSL on Nginx Proxy Manager
To install, create a folder

mkdir nginx-proxy-manager
cd nginx-proxy-manager

Creaye docker-compose.yaml file

vi docker-compose.yaml

add following content

version: "3"
services:
  app:
    image: 'jc21/nginx-proxy-manager:latest'
    restart: always
    ports:
      # Public HTTP Port:
      - '80:80'
      # Public HTTPS Port:
      - '443:443'
      # Admin Web Port:
      - '81:81'
    environment:
      # These are the settings to access your db
      DB_MYSQL_HOST: "db"
      DB_MYSQL_PORT: 3306
      DB_MYSQL_USER: "npm"
      DB_MYSQL_PASSWORD: "npm"
      DB_MYSQL_NAME: "npm"
      # If you would rather use Sqlite uncomment this
      # and remove all DB_MYSQL_* lines above
      # DB_SQLITE_FILE: "/data/database.sqlite"
      # Uncomment this if IPv6 is not enabled on your host
      # DISABLE_IPV6: 'true'
    volumes:
      - ./data:/data
      - ./letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt
    depends_on:
      - db
  db:
    image: jc21/mariadb-aria:latest
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 'npm'
      MYSQL_DATABASE: 'npm'
      MYSQL_USER: 'npm'
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: 'npm'
    volumes:
      - ./data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql

If you need to use other ports, for example, to handle streams, you need to add additional ports

Find

      # Admin Web Port:
      - '81:81'

To add port 3389, add

      - '3389:3389'

If you don’t have docker and docker-compose installed, install it with

apt install docker.io docker-compose

To start Nginx Proxy Manager, run

docker-compose up -d

You can access Nginx Proxy Manager GUI at

http://your-server-ip:81/login

Default user name and passwords are

Email:    admin@example.com
Password: changeme

See Nginx

September 21, 2020

LetsEncrypt SSL On Nginx Password Protected site
When you develop a web site, you will need it password protected so others won’t see or you don’t want google to index the web pages while you are working on it.

To password protect a web site in nginx, see

Nginx Password Protect a website

If you password protect a web site and try to get LetsEncrypt SSL cerificate using webroot verification method, it will fail. We need to disable password protection for url domain/.well-known. To do this, find
```
auth_basic "Members Only";
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
```
Add below
```
location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
    auth_basic "off";
}
```
Now restart nginx
```
systemctl restart nginx
```
See Letsencrypt
August 11, 2020

Enable CORS in Nginx

To enable CORS in nginx, add the following inside web sites server config.

add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true';
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, OPTIONS';
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'DNT,X-Mx-ReqToken,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type';

Restart nginx

systemctl restart nginx

See CORS

August 1, 2020

List installed Modules in Nginx
To list modules compiled with nginx, you can run nginx -V
```
nginx -V
```
This print nginx version along with configuration used to compile nginx.

If you want just the list of modules, you can use following command
```
nginx -V 2>&1 | tr -- - '\n' | grep  _module
```
Example

See Nginx
July 30, 2020
Nginx remove html from url
If you have a static website build using plain html files, your url will look like https://yourdomain/page.html. This .html extension is useful for the files when it is on your local computer, it help computer to associate the file with specific application, say your HTML editor. But on a web server this .html extension serve no purpose. If you are using Nginx web server, you can remove .html extension from your web page urls with following code.
```
location / {
    if ($request_uri ~ ^/(.*)\.html$) {
        return 301 /$1;
    }
    try_files $uri $uri.html $uri/ =404;
}
```
Remove .php extension

To remove .php extension, you can use
```
location / {
	try_files $uri $uri.html $uri/ @extensionless-php;
	index index.html index.htm index.php;
}

location @extensionless-php {
	rewrite ^(.*)$ $1.php last;
}
```
Reataining Arguments

To retain arguments, use
```
return 301 /$1$is_args$args;
```
This will redirect /mypage.html?name= to /mypage?name=

Serve PHP file with .html extension

See Nginx
July 23, 2020

Nginx show full url in access log

To show the full URL in the nginx access log, add the following

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
                '"$request_method $scheme://$host$request_uri $server_protocol" '
                '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                '"$http_user_agent" $request_time';

If you are behind a reverse proxy, replace $remote_addr with $http_x_forwarded_for

See Nginx

July 15, 2020

logrotate nginx log by date

Logrotate by default rotate logs with numbers like following

You can configure how many logs to keep and how to rotate lots by editing logrotate configuration file for nginx

root@ok:~# cat /etc/logrotate.d/nginx 
/var/log/nginx/*.log {
	daily
	missingok
	rotate 14
	compress
	delaycompress
	notifempty
	create 0640 www-data adm
	sharedscripts
	prerotate
		if [ -d /etc/logrotate.d/httpd-prerotate ]; then \
			run-parts /etc/logrotate.d/httpd-prerotate; \
		fi \
	endscript
	postrotate
		invoke-rc.d nginx rotate >/dev/null 2>&1
	endscript
}
root@ok:~#

rotate 14 – this tells logrotate to keep logs for 14 days.

If you need to rotate logs by date, add

        dateext
        dateformat -%Y-%m-%d

Example

/var/log/nginx/*.log {
        daily
        missingok
        rotate 14
        compress
        delaycompress
        notifempty
        create 0640 www-data adm
        dateext
        dateformat -%Y-%m-%d
        sharedscripts
        prerotate
                if [ -d /etc/logrotate.d/httpd-prerotate ]; then \
                        run-parts /etc/logrotate.d/httpd-prerotate; \
                fi \
        endscript
        postrotate
                invoke-rc.d nginx rotate >/dev/null 2>&1
        endscript
}

See Logrotate

July 15, 2020

CentovaCast Enable SSL for shoutcast
To enable SSL for stream, you can use nginx reverse proxy.

In this case, i have a stream available on

http://my-domain.com:8000/index.html?sid=1

I want to make it available using SSL at

https://my-domain.com:9000/index.html?sid=1

The port will need to be differnt as you can’t run both HTTP and HTTPS on same port. So i used Port 8000 here. All traffic to this port using HTTPS will be forwarded to HTTP port. To do this install nginx
```
yum install nginx
```
Add a virtual host configuration at
```
vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/port8000.conf 
```
with following content
```
server {
    listen       8000 ssl;
    server_name  your-domain.com;
    root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com/privkey.pem;
    # include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
    # ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem;
    proxy_read_timeout 600s;
    location / {
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_pass http://YOUR_IP_HERE:8000;
    }
}
```
Now restart nginx
```
systemctl restart nginx
```
Auto restart Nginx

Since we used free LetsEncrypt SSL for the domain, you will need to auto restart Nginx. This can be done by adding a cronjon
```
@weekly systemctl restart nginx
```
You may also need to add cronjob for renewing SSL, this you can find at https://serverok.in/letsencrypt. In case of CentovaCast, SSL is managed by CentovaCast, so you need to worry about auto renewing SSL certificate.
July 11, 2020
Auto Start Nginx on Windows
To auto start Nginx on Windows, download

http://nssm.cc/download

Extract the file, you will find “nssm.exe” file for 32 and 64 bit windows. Copy the file for your Windows version to a folder like

C:\utils\nssm.exe

Start a command promt as user Administrator, then to go the folder where nssm.exe is, then run
```
.\nssm.exe install “Nginx”"
```
In the GUI select the nginx.exe path, click install service.

Now in Service Manager, you will see new service Nginx, that is set to autostart by default.

You can right click service name and select start.

See Windows Nginx
June 27, 2020
Nginx HTTP 414 request-URI too large
On a Nginx server, when accessing a long url, i get error
```
HTTP 414 Request-URI Too Large
```
To fix the error, edit
```
vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
```
inside “http” section, find
```
large_client_header_buffers
```
Replace the line with
```
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
```
If your URL is very large, you may need to increase the 32k to higher or reduce the url length.

Large url like this mostly happend due to bad application design, so if possible try to make URL smaller.

Restart nginx
```
systemctl restart nginx
```
On older servers (centos 6, ubuntu 14, etc..), run
```
service nginx restart
```
See Apache 414 Request-URI Too Long, Nginx
February 6, 2020

Tag: nginx

Install Requirements

Create nginx user

Downoad and insta Nginx

Test Nginx

Enable rtmp stream

Remove .php extension

Reataining Arguments

Auto restart Nginx