Category: Linux

composer
composer is PHP package manager, to install, run
```
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer |  php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer
```
Install Packages

Run this every time you change composer.json or pull newer copy from git.
```
composer install
```
Show Installed Packages
```
composer show -i
```
Update Software

Only run this if you need to update software versions. Don’t run it in production. Only run when you are project maintainer and need everyone else use latest version of packages.
```
composer update
```
December 22, 2017
WordPress Updating with FTP
To update wordpress from admin area, you need to be running web server as the user owning files. This is not possible when you run PHP as apache module.

To fix this, you need to edit your wp-config.php and add following to end of the file.
```
define('FS_METHOD', 'ftpext');
define('FTP_USER', 'FTP_USERNAME');
define('FTP_PASS', 'FTP_PASSWORD');
define('FTP_HOST', 'localhost');
define('FTP_SSL', false);
```
You can read about about this at

https://codex.wordpress.org/Editing_wp-config.php#WordPress_Upgrade_Constants

Above configuration work fine for me when files are inside public_html folder of FTP homed directory.
December 22, 2017
game

Game Server Control Panel
https://play.battlesnake.com/ – You play by coding snake movement.

Multiplayer Game Servers

https://github.com/heroiclabs/nakama – Nakama is the leading open source game server framework for building online multiplayer games in Godot, Unity, Unreal Engine, MonoGame, LibGDX, Defold, Cocos2d, Phaser, Macroquad and more.

Photon Server – 100 clients free. – require Windows server to run.

OpenTibia – Open source game server for game Tibia. Works on Linux/windows.

December 22, 2017
Game Server Control Panel

Here are some control panel for game hosting

pterodactyl

Open Source, Free. Using Laravel PHP framework, Docker. Limited game support.

https://pterodactyl.io

TCADMIN

This is popular game hosting control panel. It is $15 per month

http://www.tcadmin.com

GameCP

Cost $4 per month. Look like outdated software. I installed this, did not work. There is no support. Tickets never get replied by GameCP support.

https://gamecp.com

pufferpanel

PufferPanel is an open source game server management panel designed for both small networks and game server providers. PufferPanel supports Minecraft, Spigot, Sponge, Source Dedicated Servers, BungeeCord, PocketMine and much more.

https://www.pufferpanel.com

December 22, 2017
Backup
Backup Software – Open Source
- borgbackup.org
- Bareos
- Bacula
- elkarbackup – GUI for rsnapshot/rsync.
- https://backuppc.github.io/backuppc/
- https://github.com/rsnapshot/rsnapshot
- http://www.amanda.org
Backup Software
MySQL Backup

automysqlbackup
Plesk MySQL Daily Backup Script
MySQL Backup using mysqldump

Backup Storage
- https://oneprovider.com/promotion – Have ~$10 servers, that can be used for backup.
- https://www.interserver.net/vps/storage.html
- https://www.time4vps.com/storage-vps/
- https://alphavps.com/storage-vps.html
December 22, 2017
Redirect
Nginx
IIS
- IIS redirect site to HTTPS
- Redirect HTTP to HTTPS with IIS 10
Redirect a site to HTTPS using .htaccess file
```
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301,NE]
```
Redirect a web site to SSL using Apache Virtual Host
```
ServerName www.yourdomain.com 
Redirect permanent / https://www.yourdomain.com/
```
OR
```
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =yourdomain.com [OR]
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =www.yourdomain.com
RewriteRule ^ https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent]
```
Redirect a Site to HTTPS using PHP
```
if ($_SERVER["HTTPS"] != "on") {
    header("HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently"); 
    header("Location: https://www.yourdomain.com");
}
```
Redirect www to non-www URL
```
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.yourdomain.com [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://yourdomain.com/$1 [L,R=301]
```
December 22, 2017

Plesk MySQL Daily Backup Script

Create file

mkdir /usr/serverok/
vi /usr/serverok/plesk-mysql-backup

With the following content

#!/bin/bash
# Author: [email protected]
# Web: https://serverok.in/plesk-mysql-daily-backup-script

if [ ! -d "/mysql-backup/" ]
then
    mkdir /mysql-backup/
fi

mysql -uadmin -p`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` -e "show databases" | grep -v "+-------------" | grep -v "Database" | grep -v "information_schema" | grep -v "performance_schema" > /tmp/sok-dbs.txt

for db in `cat /tmp/sok-dbs.txt`
do
    /usr/bin/mysqldump -uadmin -p`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` --opt --triggers --routines --events $db > /mysql-backup/$db.sql
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
        # if you need email alert when backup fail, uncomment following line, add your email address
        # echo "database backup $db failed - `date`" | mail -s 'MySQL Backup failed' [email protected]
        echo "Backup failed"
    fi
done

If you need multiple copies of MySQL database kept, use

https://gist.github.com/serverok/5a247a5b8485a6a29764f12118a7f727

Make it executable

chmod 755 /usr/serverok/plesk-mysql-backup

Set it to run as cronjob

1 1 * * * /usr/serverok/plesk-mysql-backup > /var/log/sok-mysqldb-backup.log 2>&1

December 22, 2017

cronjob

crontab
Start a program after reboot using cronjob
Running wp-cron with cronjob
Cronjob for Magento 1.9
set vi as default cronjob editor
Cron Job fails with Error Message “(getpwnam() failed): No such file or directory”

Cronjob Timing

* * * * *  = every minute
*/5 * * * *  = every 5 minute
0 * * * *  = every hour
0 * * * *  = every day at 00:00 hour.
0 0 * * 0  = every Sunday at 0 minutes, 0 hour.

Here is how it works.

# Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# |  |  |  |  |
# *  *  *  *  * user-name  command to be executed

Disable cronjob output

To disable cronjob output, add the following to the end of the script

 > /dev/null 2>&1

 1> /dev/null 2> /dev/null

Save cronjob result to file

To save the result of a cronjob to a file, use

20 5 * * * /bin/bash /usr/serverok/mysqldb-backup.sh > /var/log/mysqldb-backup.log 2>&1

List all cronjobs

To list all cronjob, run

crontab -l

To edit all cronjobs, run

crontab -e

December 22, 2017

Language

perl: warning: Falling back to a fallback locale (“C.UTF-8”).

sudo apt-get install locales-all

dpkg-reconfigure locales

On a Linux server, if the language is different, you can change it to English for the current session by running

export LC_ALL=C

Example

root@root1229:~# ll
-bash: ll: Kommando nicht gefunden.
root@root1229:~# export LC_ALL=C
root@root1229:~# ll
-bash: ll: command not found
root@root1229:~#

See current language

root@hestia-lnx:~# locale
LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="fr_FR.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="fr_FR.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="fr_FR.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="fr_FR.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="fr_FR.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="fr_FR.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="fr_FR.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="fr_FR.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="fr_FR.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="fr_FR.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="fr_FR.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="fr_FR.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=
root@hestia-lnx:~#

List Available Languages

root@hestia-lnx:~# localectl list-locales
C.UTF-8
en_US.utf8
fr_FR.utf8
root@hestia-lnx:~#

Change langauage

localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8

locale-gen

December 22, 2017

cut
How to cut lines separated by multiple spaces?

Here is an example of cut command, that will remove all PHP packages from system
```
dpkg -l | grep php | cut -d" " -f3 | xargs apt purge -y 
```
Get user names
```
cut -d':' -f1 /etc/passwd
```
Display users with SSH enabled
```
grep "/bin/bash" /etc/passwd | cut -d':' -f1,6
```
List all IPs that have accessed admin area from Apache Log
```
cat LOG_FILE_NAME_HERE | grep '/admin/' |  cut -d' ' -f1 | sort -n | uniq
```
See Linux Commands
December 21, 2017
apt
List all Dependencies for a package.
```
apt depends PKG_NAME
```
If you don’t want to upgrade a package, you can use apt-mark command to hold it, the package won’t be upgraded
```
apt-mark hold 5.15.0-107-generic
```
If you want to remove the hold and allow the package to be upgraded, use
```
apt-mark unhold 5.15.0-107-generic
```
Errors
This website allow you to generate /etc/apt/sources.list file for Ubuntu/Debian.

https://repogen.simplylinux.ch

This is helpful when you need to recreate your repo file.

Errors

apt fail after MariaDB to MySQL change
December 21, 2017
MongoDB
MongoDB is an open-source NoSQL database.

https://www.mongodb.com

Connecting to MongoDB with user/pass
```
mongo --port PORT_HERE -u USER_NAME_HERE -p PW_HERE --authenticationDatabase "admin"
```
Install MongoDB
- Install MongoDB – Offical doc, from sidebar, select a version.
- Install MongoDB in Ubuntu
- Install MongoDB 4 on Debian 9
- Install MongoDB 3.6 on CentOS 7
- Install MongoDB 4.0 on CentOS 7
Backup MongoDB
Free MongoDB hosting
- https://mlab.com
- https://www.mongodb.com/cloud/atlas – 512 MB VM for Free
December 19, 2017

Category: Linux

Install Packages

Show Installed Packages

Update Software

Backup Software – Open Source

Backup Software

MySQL Backup

Backup Storage

Nginx

IIS

Cronjob Timing

Disable cronjob output

Save cronjob result to file

List all cronjobs

Install MongoDB

Backup MongoDB

Free MongoDB hosting