Category: Nginx

Nginx file upload error

When uploading a file on a PHP Application running under an Nginx web server, I get the following error

2021/08/14 12:32:04 [crit] 1722576#1722576: *42823 open() "/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body/0000000006" failed (13: Permission denied), client: 59.12.21.51, server: team.serverok.in, request: "POST /index.php/ijci/$$$call$$$/wizard/file-upload/file-upload-wizard/upload-file?submissionId=311&stageId=1&fileStage=2&reviewRoundId=&assocType=&assocId= HTTP/2.0", host: "team.serverok.in", referrer: "https://team.serverok.in/index.php/ijci/submission/wizard/2?submissionId=311"

The error was due to wrong ownership for folder /var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body/ or one of its parent folders.

On this web server, nginx was running as user nobody, so to fix the error, I run the following command

chown -R nobody:nobody /var/lib/nginx/

See Nginx

August 14, 2021

Enable SSL for icecast steam using nginx

On ubuntu server running icecast, when i try enable SSL as per CentovaCast Enable SSL on icecast, i get following error

connection/get_ssl_certificate No SSL capability

I don’t compile my own icecast installation as it use Ubunu version of icecast, that get updated using apt.

Instead of getting icecast serve steam using SSL, i installed Nginx, and proxy traffic from SSL port to icecast.

Install nginx with

apt install nginx

remove default server entry

rm -f /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

Create file

vi /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/stream.comf

Add

server {
    listen       9000 ssl;
    server_name  icecast.serverok.in;
    root         /var/www/html;
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/icecast.serverok.in/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/icecast.serverok.in/privkey.pem;

    client_max_body_size 100M;
    proxy_read_timeout 600s;
    proxy_buffer_size   128k;
    proxy_buffers   4 256k;
    proxy_busy_buffers_size   256k;

    location / {
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
    }
}

In above configuration

    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/icecast.serverok.in/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/icecast.serverok.in/privkey.pem;

is the SSL i already have on server. Replace it with path to SSL certifciate on your server. If you don’t have an SSL, you need to purcahse one or get a free SSL using LetsEncrypt.

Restart Nginx

systemctl restart nginx

Now stream on port 8000 will work using HTTPS on port 9000.

Modify ports as required.

If you use Free LetsEncrypt SSL, you may need to add a cronjob to auto reastart nginx when SSL get updated.

crontab -e

Add

@weekly systemctl restart nginx

See Icecast, Nginx

March 17, 2021

Nginx Hotlink Protection
To block hotlink protection or bandwidth stealing, you can add the following to the server configuration of your website.
```
valid_referers yourdomain.tld www.yourdomain.tld;

if ($invalid_referer) {
    return 403;
}
```
If you need to allow hotlinks from a specific domain, you can edit the valid_referers line and add the URL. For allowing access without any referral, you can use “none” instead of the domain name. For example
```
valid_referers none yourdomain.tld www.yourdomain.tld;
```
If you only want to limit access to images and videos, you can put the above code in a location block like
```
location ~* \.(mp4|gif|png|jpg|jpeg|css|ico)$ {
    valid_referers  yourdomain.tld www.yourdomain.tld;
    if ($invalid_referer) {
       return 403;
    }
}
```
Example

https://gist.github.com/serverok/e7e8e275a7ec3b69e19252edfed483e2

See Nginx
February 24, 2021
Nginx Proxy Manager Certificate Key is not valid
When adding custom SSL on Nginx Proxy Manager, i get following error.

Upload failed: Certificate Key is not valid (Command failed: openssl ec -in /tmp/15dbf072-4022-aee94-0f88e4fb8d86/tmp -check -noout 2>&1 )

I tried upgrading Nginx Proxy Manager to the latest version with the following commands
```
cd ~/nginx-proxy-manager/
docker compose down
docker compose pull
docker compose up -d
```
Even after the upgrade, this error persists.

I checked logs for the docker container, but there were no errors.
```
docker logs -f nginx-proxy-manager_app_1
```
To fix this error, I edited the SSL key file.

Find
```
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
```
Replace with
```
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
```
Find
```
-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
```
Replace with
```
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
```
Now close the SSL upload dialogue and start over the custom SSL upload process. It will work.

See Nginx Proxy Manager
January 24, 2021

EasyEngine Could not create user

When creating a wordpress web site on EasyEngine, i get following error

root@ee:~# ee site create smartandsolar.serverok.in --wp
Starting site creation.
Warning: Could not create user smartandsolar.serverok.in-8LHl6l. Please check logs.
Warning: Initiating clean-up.
Success: Site smartandsolar.serverok.in deleted.
Report bugs here: https://github.com/EasyEngine/site-type-wp
root@ee:~#

This is because EasyEngine try to create a WordPress admin user, that failed to create due to length. To fix the error, you can specify a shorter wordpress admin user name with option –admin-user=admin

ee site create smartandsolar.serverok.in --wp --admin-user=admin

easyengine wordpress error

See EasyEngine

January 16, 2021

How to block .git directory in nginx
When using git version control to deploy application, many forget to secure .git folder. This allows anyone to clone your git repository. If you have any credentials commited to your git version control, then hacker will be able to gain access.

To avoid this, it is better plan the git repo in a way you have .git folder outside of your document root. If this is not possible, you need to block access to .git folder using nginx configuration.

To block access to .git folder, add following to your nginx server entry.
```
location ~ /\.git {
  deny all;
}
```
Now restart nginx
```
systemctl restart nginx
```
See Nginx, git
January 11, 2021
Enable Nginx Status Page
Nginx status is provided by http_stub_status module. To verify if your Nginx is installed with this module, run
```
nginx -V 2>&1 | grep -o with-http_stub_status_module
```
If the result shows “with-http_stub_status_module”, you have the module installed.

To enbale stats edit nginx configuration file for your web site, add following code
```
location /nginx_status {
    stub_status;
}
```
To linmit access to this page, you can use allow
```
location /nginx_status {
 	stub_status;
 	allow 127.0.0.1;
 	allow YOUR_IP_HERE;
 	deny all;
}
```
Replace YOUR_IP_HERE with your actial IP address.

Restart nginx with
```
systemctl restart nginx
```
Now you should be able to see nginx server stats at url

https//yourdomain.com/nginx_status

See Nginx
December 18, 2020
Nginx upstream sent too big header
When I log in to a PrestaShop website, I get an error on a Plesk server.
```
502 Bad Gateway
```
On checking error login for the site in folder /var/www/vhosts/domain.com/logs/proxy_error_log, I found the following error message

proxy_error_log:2020/11/25 19:41:41 [error] 1809#0: *39664 upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream, client: 59.92.71.53, server: tulivesi.com, request: “POST /en/login?back=my-account HTTP/2.0”, upstream: “https://shop.serverok.in:7081/en/login?back=my-account”, host: “shop.serverok.in”, referrer: “https://shop.serverok.in/en/login?back=my-account”

To fix, add the following to Nginx config.

If Nginx works as a reverse proxy to another application server.
```
proxy_buffer_size          128k;
proxy_buffers              4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size    256k;
```
If Nginx serve pages using FastCGI/fpm.
```
fastcgi_buffers 16 16k; 
fastcgi_buffer_size 32k;
```
On Plesk Server

On Plesk, go to the domain name, then click “Apache & nginx Settings”. On next page add the following code and click OK.
```
proxy_buffer_size          128k;
proxy_buffers              4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size    256k;
```
See Nginx
November 25, 2020
Country Blocking with nginx GeoIP on Ubuntu/Debian
On Ubuntu/Debian, install nginx geoip module with
```
apt install geoip-database libgeoip1 libnginx-mod-http-geoip -y
```
Now edit nginx.conf
```
vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
```
Find
```
http {
```
Add below
```
geoip_country /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIP.dat;
map $geoip_country_code $my_country_blocker {
    default no;
    US yes;
    AU yes;
    CA yes;
}
```
You can add 2 letter country code and set ye/no as required.

To implement GeoIP blocking for a web site, you need to edit server entry for the web site. In this cause, i will use the default web site.
```
vi /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
```
Find
```
server {
```
Add blow
```
if ($my_country_blocker = no) {
    return 444;
}
```
This will block access to the web site from any country that is not listed in nginx.conf

You need to restart nginx web server
```
systemctl restart nginx
```
If you need to redirect blocked users to another site, use
```
if ($my_country_blocker = no) {
    rewrite ^ https://google.com break;
}
```
This will redirect the visitor to google if their country is not US, AU or CA.

See Nginx
November 5, 2020
Nginx Commands
Start Nginx
```
nginx
```
Stop Nginx
```
nginx -s stop
```
Reload Nginx
```
nginx -s reload
```
Test Nginx configuration
```
nginx -t
```
See Nginx
September 25, 2020

Install Nginx from source

Install Requirements

CentOS/RHEL/Fedora

yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
yum install glib2-devel openssl-devel pcre-devel bzip2-devel gzip-devel -y

Ubuntu/Debian

apt install build-essential -y
apt-get install libpcre3-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev -y

Create nginx user

useradd -c "Nginx user" -s /bin/false -r -d /var/lib/nginx nginx

Downoad and insta Nginx

You can download latest version of Nginx source code from

https://nginx.org/en/download.html

To install version 1.19.2, run

cd /usr/local/src
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
tar -xzvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.24.0
./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/share --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/log/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/log/lock/subsys/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_v2_module
make
make install

Test Nginx

To start nginx run

/usr/sbin/nginx

Configuration file is at

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

Enable rtmp stream

cd /usr/local/src
curl -O http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
tar -xzvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.24.0
cd /usr/local/src
git clone https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module.git
cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.24.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_stub_status_module --add-module=/usr/local/src/nginx-rtmp-module
make
make install

to configure nginx-rtmp module, see

https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module

See Nginx

September 25, 2020

Install Nginx Proxy Manager

Nginx Proxy Manager is Docker based GUI for managing Nginx reverse proxy. It support LetsEncrypt free SSL.

https://nginxproxymanager.com
Nginx Proxy Manager Certificate Key is not valid
Install Custom SSL on Nginx Proxy Manager
To install, create a folder

mkdir nginx-proxy-manager
cd nginx-proxy-manager

Creaye docker-compose.yaml file

vi docker-compose.yaml

add following content

version: "3"
services:
  app:
    image: 'jc21/nginx-proxy-manager:latest'
    restart: always
    ports:
      # Public HTTP Port:
      - '80:80'
      # Public HTTPS Port:
      - '443:443'
      # Admin Web Port:
      - '81:81'
    environment:
      # These are the settings to access your db
      DB_MYSQL_HOST: "db"
      DB_MYSQL_PORT: 3306
      DB_MYSQL_USER: "npm"
      DB_MYSQL_PASSWORD: "npm"
      DB_MYSQL_NAME: "npm"
      # If you would rather use Sqlite uncomment this
      # and remove all DB_MYSQL_* lines above
      # DB_SQLITE_FILE: "/data/database.sqlite"
      # Uncomment this if IPv6 is not enabled on your host
      # DISABLE_IPV6: 'true'
    volumes:
      - ./data:/data
      - ./letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt
    depends_on:
      - db
  db:
    image: jc21/mariadb-aria:latest
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 'npm'
      MYSQL_DATABASE: 'npm'
      MYSQL_USER: 'npm'
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: 'npm'
    volumes:
      - ./data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql

If you need to use other ports, for example, to handle streams, you need to add additional ports

Find

      # Admin Web Port:
      - '81:81'

To add port 3389, add

      - '3389:3389'

If you don’t have docker and docker-compose installed, install it with

apt install docker.io docker-compose

To start Nginx Proxy Manager, run

docker-compose up -d

You can access Nginx Proxy Manager GUI at

http://your-server-ip:81/login

Default user name and passwords are

Email:    admin@example.com
Password: changeme

See Nginx

September 21, 2020

Category: Nginx

On Plesk Server

Install Requirements

Create nginx user

Downoad and insta Nginx

Test Nginx

Enable rtmp stream